Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe is a memorial in Berlin to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. It consists of a 200,000 sq ft site covered with 2,711 concrete slabs or "stelae", arranged in a grid pattern on a sloping field.

Topography of Terror

Topography of Terror Is an exhibition and documentation center on the site of the former Gestapo headquarters in central Berlin. It’s an open-ended, unfinished quality that earned the nickname of “open wound.” Exposing the ruins like an “open wound”. 

Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted under Nazism

The cuboid is made of concrete. On the front side of the cuboid is a window, through which visitors can see a short film of two kissing men. 

Nazis labeled LGBTQ+ people as sexually deviant and a threat to Aryan purity. Paragraph 175 of the German Penal Code criminalizing sexual relations between men well before 1933 was expanded under the Nazi regime. Between 5,000 and 15,000 LGBTQ+ people, mainly gay men, were sent to concentration camps where they worked as forced laborers and were often identified with a pink triangle on their uniforms. Paragraph 175 wasn’t repealed until 1994. 

The memorial was designed by artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset.

Memorial to the victims of the Ethanasia T-4 Program

The first mass killings happened to Germans who were physically and emotionally handicapped. 

Six Euthanasia Centers operated in Germany. Doctors and nurses ordered to report all children with disabilities under the age of 3. Est. 200,000 to 400,000 were murdered by starvation, carbon monoxide gas, and lethal injection. 

Memorial to Kindertransports

Kindertransport (Children's Transport) was the informal name of a series of rescue efforts between 1938 and 1940. These rescue efforts brought thousands of refugee children, the vast majority of them Jewish, to Great Britain from Nazi Germany.

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Memorial to the Murdered Members of the Reichstag

The memorial commemorates the 96 members of the parliament who died unnaturally between 1933 and 1945. The memorial is made of 96 cast iron plates, with the names, birth and death dates and places engraved on the edges. 

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Memorial to Book Burnings

On May 10, 1933, Nazi dominated groups carried out public burnings of books they claimed were “un-German.” The book burnings took place in 34 university towns and cities. Works of prominent Jewish, liberal, and leftist writers ended up in the bonfires. The book burnings stood as a powerful symbol of Nazi intolerance and censorship. In the aftermath of the book burnings, the Nazi regime raided book stores, libraries, and publishers’ warehouses to confiscate materials it deemed dangerous or “un-German.” 

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The Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).